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A dense field of tall, cone-shaped fairy-chimney rock formations rising from an orchard valley in Cappadocia, central Turkey.

Region · Turkey

Cappadocia

Cappadocia is a region of central Türkiye, mostly in Nevşehir Province, where volcanic tuff has eroded into valleys and rock pinnacles known as fairy chimneys. People cut churches, dwellings and whole underground settlements into the rock from about the 4th century. UNESCO inscribed Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia in 1985; the property includes the underground cities of Kaymaklı and Derinkuyu. Three Ministry-run sites anchor a first visit: the Göreme Open Air Museum, Kaymaklı Underground City and the Zelve-Paşabağları site.

A groomed ski run at Tsaghkadzor with skiers descending, a chairlift passing overhead and the snow-covered town in the valley below.

Mountain Resort · Armenia

Tsaghkadzor

Tsaghkadzor is Armenia's main mountain resort, an hour north of Yerevan on the slopes of Mount Teghenis, with a lift system rising from around 1,966 metres to about 2,819 metres, the eleventh-century Kecharis monastery in the town centre, and a Soviet-era Olympic training complex that explains why a town this size has infrastructure this large. It is a genuine ski destination in winter and a cool-air escape with a ropeway and walking in summer, and the two experiences are almost entirely different.

Mtskheta seen from the hillside above, the walled Svetitskhoveli Cathedral at the centre of the red-roofed town where two rivers meet.

Historic town · Georgia

Mtskheta

Mtskheta was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Iberia and is the place where Georgia adopted Christianity in the fourth century. Today it is a small, walkable town twenty kilometres from Tbilisi holding Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, the hilltop church of Jvari, the working convent of Samtavro and the archaeological remains of the pre-Christian royal city, inscribed together on the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is simultaneously Georgia's most important pilgrimage destination and its most accessible serious historical site.

City · Indonesia

Jakarta

Jakarta is a province-level special region of Indonesia, governed as a province with five administrative cities; the provincial government's history page says it grew from a small port at the mouth of the Ciliwung river, and its timeline dates Jakarta's designation as capital of the Republic of Indonesia to 31 August 1964. XTOUR maps the National Monument, the Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta Cathedral, the National Museum and the Kota Tua museums inside its administrative cities.

Town · Switzerland

Interlaken

Interlaken is a town and municipality in the canton of Bern on the alluvial plain between Lake Thun and Lake Brienz, which its tourism board presents as a starting point for excursions into the Jungfrau Region and the Bernese Oberland. XTOUR uses Interlaken as a travel base only: the Jungfraujoch, Harder Kulm, the Lauterbrunnen Valley and its falls, the two lakes and the other places reached from it are mapped at their own locations, none of them in Interlaken.

City · Switzerland

Schaffhausen

Schaffhausen is the capital of the canton of Schaffhausen on the Rhine; the City of Schaffhausen describes it as the centre of a small region between Zurich and the German state of Baden-Württemberg, with a well-preserved, traffic-free historic old town. XTOUR maps the Munot fortress and the Museum zu Allerheiligen in the city, and treats the Rhine Falls downstream and Hohenklingen Castle above Stein am Rhein as places reached from Schaffhausen, not places in it.

City · Switzerland

Zurich

Zurich is the capital of the canton of Zurich; the City of Zurich says it took its present political structure when the old town merged with eleven neighbouring municipalities in 1893, and reached its present extent with a second incorporation in 1934. XTOUR maps the Swiss National Museum, the Kunsthaus, the Museum Rietberg and the Grossmünster, Fraumünster and St. Peter churches inside the city, and treats Lake Zurich, the Uetliberg and Einsiedeln Abbey as places reached from Zurich, not places in it.

United Kingdom

City · United Kingdom

Bath

Bath is a city in Somerset, England; the City of Bath World Heritage Site's own website says it was inscribed by UNESCO in 1987 for its hot springs, Roman archaeology, Georgian buildings and landscape setting, and again in 2021 as one of the Great Spa Towns of Europe. XTOUR maps the Roman Baths, Bath Abbey, the Holburne Museum, No. 1 Royal Crescent and Pulteney Bridge in the city, and treats Stonehenge and Avebury in Wiltshire as places reached from Bath, not as part of it.

Mountain Resort · Malaysia

Genting Highlands

Genting Highlands is a hill resort on the Pahang-Selangor border in Malaysia, which Tourism Pahang says was founded in 1965. It is run as the Resorts World Genting development, with attractions at different elevations, from the Genting SkyWorlds and Skytropolis theme parks near the summit to Eufloria and the golf course at mid-hill. Two cable cars, the Genting SkyWay and the Awana SkyWay, link the mid-hill stations with the top, where the operator puts the Awana SkyWay's upper station at 1,725 m above sea level.

Region · Malaysia

Penang

Penang is a Malaysian state made up of Penang Island and a strip of the mainland, Seberang Perai, linked by ferry and two road bridges. Its capital, George Town, is part of the UNESCO World Heritage property Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca, inscribed in 2008, where UNESCO says George Town represents the British era from the end of the 18th century. Above the city, Penang Hill is part of the Penang Hill Biosphere Reserve in UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme.